The eye is one of the most complex organs in the human body. The eye is the continuationan extension of the brain. The visual center is located in the occipital cortex at the back of our skull. The nerves between the eye and the visual center are in communication with many brain centers. More than 50% of the human the sensory inputs in a human being sense consists of are generated from impulses that come coming to from the the eyes. Neuro-ophthalmology is the branch of science that examines the primary diseases that either primarily affect occur in these the pathways between connecting the eyes to and the brain, or diesases that could extend to these patways such as or the diseases that affect this pathway due to several condiition like systemic conditions, infectious or trauma.

Neuro-ophthalmological diseases could affect the vVision, eye movements and , pupil sizes may be affected in neuroophthalmological diseases. Optic neuritis , multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathies, ischemic optic neuropathy, space-occupying lesions that could compressing put pressure on the visual pathways, increased intracranial pressure syndrome, eye muscle paralysis, paralytic strabismus, double vision, blepharospasm, stroke, pupil size discrepancy and , thyroid related eye diseases such as ophthalmopathy fall within the field of neuroophthalmologyare examples of neuroophthalmological conditions that could affect the eyes.

Those with neuro-ophthalmological diseases could present with have unexplained decrease in vision, spotting spots in their in the visual fields, double vision, color vision deterioration, decrease in contrast sensitivity, difference unexqual in pupil sizes, whooshing noises ringing in their ears, headache, nausea, vomiting, contractions twitching in the face and eyelids, droopying eyelids, They may come with many complaints such as sweating that affeacteds in half of their face.

Neurologists and ophthalmologists act together to work our the in the diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmological diseases. With a detailed eye and neurological examination, these diseases can be diagnosed and appropriate treatment could be initiatedan be started.

For example, the differentiation of optic nerve diseases can be quite complex in some cases. Because optic nerve edema can be a common finding of all diseases from tumor to infection. For the correct diagnosis, severalela many examinations and examination imaging methods could be may be required.   

The principle that the correct treatment cannot be applied without a correct diagnosis is valid for neuroophthalmology as well as for all diseases.